AFFIDAVIT CITY OF EDMONTON PROVINCE OF ALBERTA BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, Stephen A. Kent
personally
appeared, and whom I know on a professional basis, and after
first being
duly affirmed by me states:
II. OVERVIEW OF SCIENTOLOGY
10. Hubbard began what he named, "Scientology," in the Spring of 1952, and he introduced it as an extension and expansion of the reputed science of Dianetics and not as a religion. Only in December 1953 did Hubbard initiate his assertion that Scientology was a religion. In Scientology he developed teachings about past lives (including ones in different galaxies) more than he had in his initial Dianetics system. The entity that Scientologists believe continues through countless lives is called a thetan, which is roughly analogous to a soul or spirit that has forgotten its true nature. By 1967, Hubbard claimed he had learned that individual thetans had become burdened with clusters of lost and confused entities ("body thetans") attached to people's bodies. These attachments were the result of billions of victims having died when an evil galactic warlord named Xenu captured and sent them to earth's volcanic areas, then exploded the volcanos by dropping hydrogen bombs. Scientology's upper level courses, called the "Operating Thetan" or "OT" levels, claim to free one's body and its thetan from the numerous body clusters of confused and frightened thetans.
Scientology is that branch of psychology which treats of [sic]
human
ability. It is an extension of DIANETICS which is itself an
extension
of old-time faculty-psychology of 400 years ago.... Scientology
is actually
a new very basic psychology in the most exact meaning of the
word. It
can and does change behaviour and intelligence and it can and
does assist
people to study life (Hubbard, 1956: [1]).
Tens of thousands of case histories, and individual records, all sworn to, are in the possession of the organizations of Scientology. No other subject on earth except physics and chemistry has had such gruelling testing.... Scientology falls within the definition of sciences, and is more rigorously organized than any other group of data which bear the designation of science. It is derived from closely defined axioms which are then uniformly discoverable and applicable in the physical universe (Hubbard, 1956: [2]). Hubbard's "scientific" claims for Scientology could not be
clearer.
Scientology conflicts nowhere with the truth, and will be found to agree with known facts in whatever field it overlaps. It does not conflict with any religious truths. On the contrary, it has something to offer everyone, Christian, Jew, Buddhist, Mohammedan [sic], Agnostic, and Atheist. It does not try to change the beliefs, doctrine or creed of the individual's church, on the contrary it brings the individual to a point of better understanding of them, whatever they may be (Hubbard, 1956: [2-3]). Hubbard is very clear that both Dianetics and Scientology are psychological sciences, and that Scientology does not conflict with any religious or non-religious belief system. In this document, therefore, Scientology is not a religion, according to Hubbard himself.
It is hereafter firm Church policy that LRH [L. Ron Hubbard] ISSUES ARE TO BE LEFT INTACT AS ISSUED. No one except LRH may cancel his issues. No one except LRH can revise his issues whereby changes are incorporated into the text and re-issued. Any valid revisions must hereafter be made in a separate issue stating the change and how the revision is to be read. It must also state why the change is being effected, for example, if there has been an ecclesiastical change or a technical development. Changes in Church policy become valid Church policy by being adopted by the Board [of Directors].... However, the original LRH issue (regardless of type) shall remain intact so that the original wording is kept. In this way, his writings retain their integrity and there is no mystery as to what he wrote and what the revision stated and why. The only occasion for any revision of an LRH issue is if a typographical error is found in the original. Already existing issues stand intact and valid. Any further changes will be dealt with on an issue-by-issue basis. This policy will allow the integrity of Source to be
reinstated (Watchdog
Committee for the Church of Scientology International, 1982
[capitalization
and underlining in original]). When, therefore, I quote Hubbard himself in this report, I am
quoting
sources that MUST remain unaltered within the Scientology
organization
unless Hubbard himself subsequently had changed them. II. IS THE CHURCH OF SCIENTOLOGY FLAG SERVICE ORGANIZATION
SOLELY
AND EXCLUSIVELY A RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATION?
The Commissioners[,] having considered the activities of auditing and training, which Scientology regards as its worship, concluded that auditing is more akin to therapy or counselling and training more akin to study and that both auditing and training are not in their essence exhibitions of reverence paid to a supreme being and such Scientology practices are not worship for the purposes of charity law. The Commissioners decided that auditing and training do not constitute worship as defined and interpreted from the legal authorities (Charity Commission, 1999b: 2). In the complete version of the decision, the Commissioners concluded: that auditing appears in essence very much akin to counselling, conducted on a one to one basis, in private, and addressed to the needs of the individual receiving auditing. Scientologists themselves describe auditing as counselling (for example in the video presentation to the Charity Commissioners for England and Wales). On the whole they do not appear to describe auditing in terms of worship (Charity Commission 1999a: 25). Auditing, therefore, did not appear as a religious activity.
further concluded that training in Scientology, involving the detailed study of the works of L. Ron Hubbard, according to particular set formulae or methods of study, similarly lacks the elements of reverence or veneration necessary if it is to constitute worship. Scientology training appears more like an educational activity (the acquisition of knowledge and practical skills in the application of Scientology theory and technology) than a religious activity or worship in the sense defined by the Commissioners (Charity Commission, 1999a: 25). Like auditing, Scientology training appeared to be non-religious.
23. Scientology's official policies allow a person to refuse
an RPF
assignment by resigning from Sea Org and/or by signing a
statement documenting
his or her alleged "crimes" and absolving the group from future
legal action (see Anonymous, n.d.). Unofficially, however,
numerous accounts
exist of Sea Org members who simply were taken into RPF
facilities against
their will. Moreover, inmates in the RPF program who deviate
from its
strict rules may have their RPF overseers assign them to the
harsher and
more punitive, "RPF's RPF," and these assignments are unlikely
ever to be 'voluntary' in any manner. 24. The RPF involves: forcible confinement; hard physical
labor and
other forms of physical maltreatment: long hours of study;
various forms
of social maltreatment; forced confessions; and (as a final
condition
of release from the program) obligatory "success stories" (see,
for example, Boards of Directors of the Churches of Scientology,
1980).
Inmates remain in the RPF for indefinite periods of time, and
accounts
from former Scientologists who were in this penal system report
that some
people remain in it for well over a year. 25. While Scientology operates RPF programs in various
locations around
the world (East Grinstead, England; Copenhagen; Los Angeles;
Hemet and
Happy Valley, California), one of these programs takes place in
and around
Flag Service Organization's Fort Harrison Hotel in Clearwater.
Publicly
available accounts of people who have been in the Clearwater RPF
program
include: Gerry Armstrong; Tonya Burden; Dennis Erlich; Nefertiti
[Pseudonym];
Anne Rosenblum; Margery Wakefield; and Hana Whitfield. Former
Scientologist,
Lori Taverna, spoke about the RPF in the City of Clearwater
Commission
Hearings on Scientology in 1982. Erlich reported being locked in
a cage
in the basement of Flag Service Organization's Fort Harrison
Hotel, and
Whitfield declared under oath that she saw a woman (Lyn
Froyland, who
was on the RPF's RPF) chained to a pipe in that same basement.
The RPF
is not a religious institution and apparently was not discussed
in Scientology's
charitable tax exemption decision with the Internal Revenue
Service.
Its existence and operation in the Flag Service Organization
mitigates
against Flag's claim to be a religious institution. 26. In 1984, the Clearwater Sun ran an article about the RPF. The article begins as follows: "The young man-by all appearances a teenager-crouched on the dark, narrow stairway as he scrubbed the sixth-floor landing in the former Fort Harrison Hotel, the 'flag Land Base' headquarters of the Church of Scientology. 'Are you in RPF?' queried a reporter. 'Sir?' he asked quietly, peering up from his work. 'Are you in RPF?' 'Yes sir I am.' RPF is the Rehabilitation Project Force (RPF), which, depending on who is speaking, is either a businessman's approach to improving an employee's lagging job performance or a form of punishment for Scientologists who are banished to serve penance for their misdeeds and 'bad thoughts.' Two others-adult men who, like the youth, were dressed in blue shorts and faded blue shirts-worked two floors below, also cleaning the stairs. They spoke not a word. Former Scientologists say that those in RPF 'are not to speak unless spoken to.' Those who have spent time in the RPF at the Fort Harrison tell a harrowing tale of long hours at work-as much as 100 hours a week-and of months of humiliation and mental abuse at the hands of other Scientologists. But their vivid recollections of hard work and abuse
contradict current
Church of Scientology statements that the RPF is 'an entirely
voluntary'
program (Shelor, 1984: 1B).
28. C. Vacation Resort--In addition to Flag Service Organization's role in delivering Scientology courses and housing Scientology's RPF penal system, it also serves as a vacation resort. One Flag publication, for example, states: It's the perfect time to take a vacation at Flag! Located on
Florida's
Suncoast-a favorite vacation paradise-Flag is convenient to a
wide range
of vacation attractions. The Flag Social Director can help
arrange the
activities of your choice. Clearwater's sparkling beaches are
only minutes
away. Family attractions such as Walt Disney World and EPCOT
Center, Busch
Gardens, Sea World, Cypress Gardens and more can be reached by
daily bus
excursions. Summer sports enthusiasts can still enjoy
waterskiing, sailing,
wind surfing, jogging, bicycling, or tennis. Or just relax by
the Fort
Harrison pool and enjoy the many Flag activities! (Flag Crew
Church of
Scientology Flag Service Org, Inc., 1989: [8]).
Summer's the perfect time to vacation at Flag! Located on
Florida's
Suncoast-a favorite vacation paradise-Flag is convenient to a
wide range
of vacation attractions. The Flag Social Director can help
arrange the
activities of your choice. Your children can learn to
sail or
windsurf at the Flag Sea Org Cadet Sailing School!
Clearwater's
sparkling white beaches are only minutes away. Attractions and
Theme parks
such as Walt Disney World, Busch Gardens, Sea World, Universal
Studios,
Cypress Gardens and many others are a short drive away either by
car or
by special bus excursions. Summer sports enthusiasts can enjoy
waterskiing,
sailing, wind surfing, jogging, bicycling, tennis and many other
activities.
Come to Flag now and take advantage of the summer
accommodations
specials for Visitors and Vacationers! Bring your
family and
friends! (Church of Scientology Flag Service Organization, Inc.,
1992:
[11; boldface in original]).
33. Viewing all of this material together, one can say that
Flag Service
Organization operates facilities that provide auditing and
training that
may be closer to counseling and study than they are to religious
activities.
Added to this ambiguity is the use of Flag Service Organization
facilities
as a penal system against some members and a vacation resort for
others.
The combined weight of the evidence, therefore, leads me to
conclude that
the Flag Service Organization is not a religious institution. III. IS SCIENTOLOGY'S INTROSPECTION RUNDOWN A RELIGIOUS
PRACTICE?
34. In reaching a conclusion about whether the Introspection
Rundown
is a religious practice, it is important to keep the rundown's
threefold
intent in mind. First, it intends to correct the conditions that
psychotics
suffer, including their (frequent) violence and destructiveness
(see Hubbard,
1991: 1). Second, it intends to attack reputed critics of the
Scientology
ideology and/or organization. Third, it intends to eliminate
psychiatry
by introducing a treatment procedure for psychosis that makes
the profession
unnecessary. According to Hubbard's teachings for
Scientologists, the
introduction of the Introspection
Rundown
"MEANS THE LAST REASON TO HAVE PSYCHIATRY AROUND IS GONE"
(Hubbard,
1991: 1 [emphasis in original]). Hubbard's desire and attempts
to replace
psychiatry with his own form of 'counseling' appears in
Dianetics material
that pre-dates his creation of Scientology. An examination of
that early
material in combination with subsequent Scientology information
leads
to the inescapable conclusion that the Introspection Rundown is,
fundamentally,
a pseudo-psychiatric (hence pseudo-medical) practice, and is not
a religious
practice. Flag Service Organization provided a facility-the Fort
Harrison
Hotel-that allowed Scientology to engage in this pseudo-medical,
pseudo-psychiatric
practice. 35. Two basic claims that remain at the heart of both
Dianetics and
Scientology auditing appear in a very early Dianetics
publication. In
the May 1950 edition of Astounding Science Fiction ,
Hubbard
included in his summary of Dianetics the following claims: 1. Dianetics is an organized science of thought built upon definite axioms; it apparently reveals the existence of natural laws by which behavior can uniformly be caused or predicted in the unit organism or society. 2. Dianetics offers a therapeutic technique with which we can treat any and all inorganic mental and organic psychosomatic ills, with assurance of complete cure in unselected cases. It produces a mental stability in the 'cleared' patient which is far superior to the current norm. .... 13. Dianetics set forth the non-germ theory of disease,
embracing, it
has been estimated by competent physicians, the cure of some
seventy percent
of man's pathology (Hubbard, 1950a: 85, 86).
The dianetic auditor who practices with the
institutionally
insane exclusively should provide himself [sic] with the text
now in preparation
on that subject: the techniques are similar to those now
described here
[in the book] but incline more toward heroic measures: this
present volume
is addressed to treatment of the normal person or the neurotic
patient
not sufficiently violent to be institutionalized. However, with
intelligence
and imagination these same techniques can be applied with
success to any
mental state or physical illness. Institutional Dianetics is
primarily
the reduction of an insanity to a neurosis (Hubbard, 1950b:
206n.).
Any school of mental healing in the past has been victimized by that irrationality known as psychosis. Dianetics, no matter if it has the answer to psychosis, is yet victimized by its existence in the society. Psychotics, people with histories of known breaks, of suicide attempts, of homicidal tendencies, can yet be expected to apply for instruction in dianetics. .... A psychotic discovered by screening should either be routed
into processing
(if the case is mild and non-suicidal) or rejected. At such time
as the
[Hubbard Dianetics] Foundation possess adequate and lawful
housing facilities
for the retention of psychotics, those who might have been
turned away
may be routed to the unit which has such facilities in its
charge. Efforts
are being made, and others should be made, to procure such
sanitarium
facilities wherein psychotics may be dianetically processed
(Hubbard,
1970a: 1).
Helen and David Cary, directly or indirectly, were still two more victims of psychiatric inadequacy and ineptitude. We are trying not to feel intensely about it just because the fact strikes so 'close to home.' But even with a clinical attitude, we can't help thinking of the millions of other homes who have similar good reason to fear for the failures of 'recognized' psychotherapy. ...Yes, David Cary was attracted to dianetics when
and because
psychiatry had failed . He learned it well because he
wanted
to help the woman he loved, but his efforts to process her met
with only
the greatest resistance (Leonard, 1951: 2).
With reference to psychosis, or severe neurosis, the technique can be considered to be, and is considered to be, indispensible [sic] for both the auditor and the psychoanalyst. In this state it is especially difficult to pick from the babblings of a patient the clue for the material which, if brought to light, may relieve his stress. Despite its importance, associative processing requires very little technical background or information. It can be utilized by one who has had no more than the most elementary instruction on the psychometer [i.e., the E-meter]-such as how it is turned on, how the electrodes are connected, and how to keep the needle balanced in the middle of the meter. The patient is given the electrodes to hold. If he is
particularly disturbed,
they are strapped to his hands with adhesive tape, and a mitten
is placed
over one side of the hands holding the electrodes so that
banging them
together will not disturb the needle reading (Hubbard, 1952: 5).
Step VII PSYCHOTIC CASES. Whether in or out of body. The psychotic looks to be in such desperate straits that the auditor often errs in thinking desperate measures are necessary. Use the lightest possible methods. Give case [i.e., the psychotic] space and freedom where possible. Have psychotic IMITATE (not MOCK-UP [i.e., not creating an imaginary picture of] various things. Have him do PRESENT TIME DIFFERENTIATION. Get him [sic] to tell the difference between things by actual touch. Have him locate, differentiate, and touch things that are really real to him (real objects or items). If inaccessible, mimic him with own body, whatever he does until he comes into communication. Have him locate corners of the room and hold them without thinking. As soon as his communication is up go to STEP VI [mentioned earlier in the newsletter]; BUT BE VERY SURE he changes any mock-up until he knows it is a mock-up, that it exists and that he himself made it. Do not run engrams. He is psychotic because viewpoints in present time are so scarce that he has gone into the past for viewpoints which at least he knew existed. By PRESENT TIME DIFFERENTIATION, by tactile on objects, return his idea of an abundance of viewpoint in present time (Hubbard, 1953: [6; capitals and underlining in original]). The directives about having the psychotic individual locate
himself
(or herself) in present time and in present location, along with
using
mimicry techniques in an attempt to get the psychotic to orient
him- or
herself, are recurrent (albeit simplistic) themes that reappear
in subsequent
publications.
The goal of Scientologists is a sane world. This can be
achieved, but
only by freeing people, freeing them from their own aberrations
and from
the control of others. The techniques can be used to cure the
seriously
ill and the insane, and there is no reason why this should not
be done...(O'Connell,
1954: 5).
The auditor, then who is looking at a psychotic, is trying to
understand
an incomprehensible, and if we were to cease using the psychotic
and begin
to use the word, 'incomprehensetic [sic]', we would have a word
which
would serve us extremely well. Thus, an auditor processes the psychotic with considerable
difficulty
in the absence of this understanding of incomprehensibility....
The best
way to handle a psychotic is with physical form, making the
psychotic
mimic the physical form be [sic: by?] mimicing [sic], with the
physical
form, the psychotic. Thus we have our basic level of mimicry,
and thus
we have the entering wedge of communication (Hubbard, 1955:
1-2).
The temporarily insane by reason of emotional shock, where no medical illness exists should be permitted rest and should then be handled by an [auditing] assist as above [i.e., discussed earlier in the Bulletin ] or normal Dianetic auditing. Most often, rest and no further harassment result in a return to sanity in a short time such as a few days, but not in the terror atmosphere such as a psychiatric asylum, where the patient is in the risk of being hurt or killed (Hubbard, 1969: 3). His comments about a temporarily insane person being at risk
of harm
or death in a psychiatric asylum seem ironic in light of what
happened
to Lisa McPherson while in Scientology's care.
1. Pretending to do a post or duties, the real consistent result is destructive to the group in terms of breakage, lost items, injured business etc. 2. The case is no case gain or roller coaster and is covered under 'PTS [Potential Trouble Source] symptoms.' [A Potential Trouble Source is someone who cannot make gains in his or her auditing because the person is connected to a Scientology enemy or "Suppressive Person."] 3. They are usually chronically physically ill. 4. They have a deep but carefully masked hatred of anyone who seeks to help them. 5. The result of their 'help' is actually injurious. 6. They often seek transfers or wish to leave. 7. They are involved in warfare with conflicts around them
which are
invisible to others. One wonders how they can be so involved or
get so
involved in so much hostility (Hubbard, 1970c: 1-2).
Scientology is the first to make a technical breakthrough in
the subject
of psychosis (meaning a definite obsessive desire to destroy).
In 1970
the actual cause of psychosis was isolated, and in ensuing years
this
has proven beyond doubt to be totally correct. Man has never
been able
to solve the psychotic break. In fact, human beings are actually
afraid
of a person in a psychotic break and in desperation turn to
psychiatry
to handle [it]. Psychiatry, desperate in its turn, without
effective technology,
resorts to barbarities such as heavy drugs, ice picks, electric
shock
and insulin shock which half kill the person and only suppress
him. The
fact remains that there has never been a cure for the psychotic
break
until now (Church of Scientology of California, 1978:
5).
IV. SCIENTOLOGY'S HISTORY OF ISOLATING AND ATTEMPTING TO
TREAT MENTALLY
DISTRESSED MEMBERS
He was actually locked up in a cabin in one of the-in the
front of the
ship and it was for a number of weeks. Even it could have been a
couple
of months where, you know, he was really-he should have been
like in a
straightjacket in a paddled cell because if you would have seen
the cabin
after he got through with it, I mean he had torn up, you know,
ripped
the wood off the walls, you know, he slept and ate and lived in
his own,
you know, excrete-excrement. It was just, you know, he tried to
knock
holes in the door and for the first several weeks they tried to
treat
him just by, you know, hopefully he would get some rest"
(Schomer,
1985: 30).
116. When I was in Scientology I was assigned to keep watch
over a young
girl in her early twenties who became Type 3 PTS after being
forced to
sever all communication with her family, because they were upset
about
her involvement in Scientology. This incident occurred in Hemet,
California,
at the high-security international headquarters of Scientology
(Young,
1994: 19).
The middle-aged German student started screaming. He seemed to have lost control. He was a Scientologist, a member of the world's largest cult, on a course of study that, he had been promised, would bring him closer to the secrets of the universe and, eventually, give him the key to eternal life. According to eyewitnesses, the man, whose name is known to The Independent, was taken to an isolated room in a communal building not far from Saint Hill, a 17th-century manor house in East Grinstead, West Sussex, and the UK headquarters of the cult. For two weeks, the room was locked. The German had been placed on an 'isolation watch'--or what Scientologists more informally refer to as a 'baby watch.' It is a treatment that was prescribed by the founder of the cult, L. Ron Hubbard, a science fiction writer, for members showing signs of psychosis or mental ill- health--people who are, literally, plagued by evil spirits. It is the last resort for dealing with difficult Scientologists. It is a treatment that the organisation has so far kept secret. The subject of the watch is observed at all times, and not allowed to talk to anybody. He or she is, in the language of the cult, 'muzzled.' Our witnesses, who have asked to remain anonymous, remember that the German was sometimes incontinent and that they had to wash him down at the sink in the otherwise bare room. The five people who guarded him were only allowed to communicate with him in writing. Eventually he was allowed to return to Germany.... For the past few months, The Independent has been investigating claims that the cult employs quasi-psychological techniques that are possibly illegal and potentially dangerous to the long-term health of its more vulnerable members.... The 'baby-watching' incident with the German student occurred in 1991. But the technique has been used more recently, according to confidential church documents dating from September 1993, which have been leaked to The lndependent . These show that the Scientologists mounted an internal investigation after a baby watch conducted on another German, again at Saint Hill, last year. The investigation was instigated because the woman put in isolation was already suffering from an acute mental disorder--in the terminology used by the investigating officer, she was Type III, which translates as 'insane.' She went insane, according to the document, while she was working for the organisation in Europe. In early 1993, she arrived in Saint Hill and was put on a baby watch because she was thought to be a 'security risk.' Her boyfriend was put in charge of the watch. But something went badly wrong, and the watch was 'very extended' because of incompetence by local officials, reports the document. It is not clear whether she was locked in a room throughout or allowed, as is sometimes the case, to walk around during the watch. There seems to be some dispute about whether the local staff were adequately trained to deal with such a case, and permission for her 'treatment' finally had to come directly from the American leadership of the cult. Several of the most senior officers of the British arm of the cult were blamed for allowing this woman to remain a member of the cult--according to the internal memo, she apparently had a history of drug abuse. These senior members were ordered to attend an internal tribunal. If found guilty of failing to ensure the 'security' of the member, they will be demoted and sentenced to a period of 'rehabilitation' through hard labour. According to the report, it seems that the woman escaped from Saint Hill, was arrested by police and then returned to Germany. One former senior cult official who worked in the Californian section of the organisation was involved in several baby watches. On one occasion, a woman staff member was put in isolation after she started throwing furniture out of the window of her flat, which overlooked Hollywood Boulevard. She was then locked in her room. 'We had to take all the furniture out of the room, strip it completely and leave her in there on her own for more than a week,' the official said. 'She was just crazy, talking to herself and screaming.' This woman had been engaged in one of the most demanding of the Scientology courses, during which students are taught that 75 million years ago the earth was part of a galactic confederation ruled by an evil prince called Xenu. He shipped the inhabitants of 76 planets to earth. The spirits (or thetans) of these extra-terrestrials inhabit the souls of contemporary human beings and have to be exorcised. Dr. Betty Tylden, a retired consultant psychiatrist who is
regularly
called as an expert court witness on cults, has treated
Scientologists
recovering from the effects of baby watches--both the victims
and the
guards. She has seen several in the past six months alone.
'People are
terribly frightened of it,' she said. 'They come out of it
suffering from
something very similar to Post- traumatic Stress Disorder, the
"prisoner"
syndrome. There is hyper- arousal, flashbacks, fear and
obsessions. It
is very nasty, and even if it doesn't break a law, it is a gross
curtailment
of an individual's liberty' (Kelsey and Ricks, 1994).
V. DIANETICS'S AND SCIENTOLOGY'S HISTORIES OF UNLICENSED
MEDICAL
PRACTICES
... the New Jersey State Board of Medical Examiners accused
the Hubbard
Dianetic Research Foundation, Inc., of 'operating a school for
the treatment
of disease without a license' in January, 1951 ( Elizabeth
Daily Journal
, 1951a), which contributed to the organization's departure
from
Elizabeth, New Jersey in April-- prior to its pending trial in
May (
Elizabeth Daily Journal , 1951b). In late March, 1953, two
Dianetics
and Scientology practitioners were arrested, along with the
confiscation
of an E-meter, as part of an investigation into 'running an
unlicensed
school and practicing medicine without licenses' ( Detroit
News
, 1953, Detroit Free Press , 1953; see Pickering,
1953). Likewise,
in late 1953 or early 1954, a Glendale, California Dianeticist
or Scientologist
apparently spent ten days in jail for "'practicising medicine
without
a license'" (quoted in Aberree , 1954: 4).
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seized and destroyed
21,000 tablets
of a compound known as Dianazene, marketed by an agency
associated with
the Founding Church of Scientology in Washington, the
Distribution Center,
claiming that they were falsely labeled as a preventative and
treatment
of 'radiation sickness' (Wallis, 1976: 190).
The device should bear a prominent, clearly visible notice warning that any person using it for auditing or counseling of any kind is forbidden by law to represent that there is any medical or scientific basis for believing or asserting that the device is useful in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of any disease. It should be noted in the warning that the device has been condemned by a United States District Court for misrepresentation and misbranding under Food and Drug laws, that use is permitted only as a religious activity, and that the E-meter is not medically or scientifically capable of improving the health or bodily functions of anyone (United States District Court, District of Columbia, 1971: 364). Worth mentioning is the fact that the label subsequently
appearing on
E-meters fails to state that the devices were condemned by the
court for
misrepresentation and misbranding.
VI. CONCLUSION
FURTHER AFFIANT SAITH NOT. _____________________________________ Stephen A. Kent, Ph.D. CITY OF EDMONTON PROVINCE OF ALBERTA The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this 6
th
day of January 2000, by Stephen A. Kent, whom I know
professionally
and who did take an affirmation. ____________________________ NOTARY PUBLIC My commission expires_______ (signed)___________________________________ (date)_____________________________________ BIBLIOGRAPHY Aberree . "Scientology Acts to Legalize As Religion.
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Churches Given Charters by New Jersey." 1 (1), April, 1954: 1,
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Piece of Blue Sky: Scientology, Dianetics and L. Ron Hubbard
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Flag Order 3434-RC-56 (Written by Tech Comps Pjt I/C and
Snr C/S
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Life and Death of Lisa McPherson